SATOYAMA is a term from Japan that describes landscapes characterized by subsistence agriculture and secondary forests (Fukamachi et al., 2001; Takeuchi, 2003). It is sustained through the interactions between humans and nature (Takeuchi, 2010; Buot et al., 2013). In the Philippines, these are landscapes featuring subsistence farms and forestlands, recognized as muyong, lakon, komunal, or pinugo in northern Luzon, and as bundok or gubat in Tagalog regions, and bukid, lasang, or bungtod among Cebuano-speaking communities (Buot and Okitsu 1997, 1998; Buot and Osumi, 2004; Buot 2007; Buot 2008a, 2008b; Buot 2009; Buot et al. 2013; Buot 2014b; Buot et al. 2020; Buot and Buhay, 2022). It is a mosaic of landscapes consisting of varied land uses such as rice fields, agricultural land, cultivated and regenerating forests, open grasslands, irrigation ponds, canals, and inhabited areas.
The Satoyama Framework is one such platform developed specifically to promote the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in rural landscapes (Ishizawa, 2018; Buot 2014a). It recognizes the importance of local communities in maintaining these landscapes and emphasizes the need for collaborative approaches that accommodate various stakeholders' interests (Buot 2014a; Buot and Buhay 2022). The implementation of a framework in the conservation and management of a cultural landscape such as the Ifugao Rice Terraces can promote sustainability and resiliency (Buot et al. 2013; Buot and Rabena, 2020; Buot et al., 2020). Frameworks enable stakeholders to take holistic action to preservation efforts across ecological, social, and economic dimensions.
Amidst the escalating challenges and problems such as deforestation, resource scarcity, and soil degradation, satoyama management practices are being employed as part of initiatives to restore the ecosystem services from satoyama landscapes. This is done by applying traditional methods and cultural practices and integrating them with modern approaches (Buot et al. 2013).
The hope for the Satoyama Landscapes in Butuan is to enhance the harmonious interaction between nature and the local community. This encompasses not only fostering economic development but also ensuring the sustainable utilization of natural resources.
REFERENCES:
Abdallah H.M., Mohamed G.A., Ibrahim S.R.M. (2022). Lansium domesticum - A Fruit with Multi-Benefits: Traditional Uses, Phytochemicals, Nutritional Value, and Bioactivities. Nutrients, 6;14(7):1531. doi: 10.3390/nu14071531. PMID: 35406144; PMCID: PMC9002712.
Acacia mangium Willd. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Agathis philippinensis Warb. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-04.
Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Annona muricata L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-04.
Bullimus bagobus Mearns, 1905 in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-04.
Buot I.E. Jr & Buhay A.F.V. (2022). Types of socioecological production landscapes of the Philippines based on dominant biodiversity: status, problems and future directions. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 3(7).
Buot I.E. Jr, Cruz L., Martinez J., Serrano J.V. (2013). Empowering successors in the management of biodiversity and traditional landscapes. J Manag Dev Stud 2: 1-7.
Buot I.E. Jr, Habito C.D.l., Bulong M.P. (2020). Conserving the Ifugao Rice Terraces as a satoyama Landscape. Landscape Book Series. University of the Philippines Open University.
Buot I.E. Jr, Okitsu S. (1998). Vertical distribution and structure of the tree vegetation on Mt. Pulog, Cordillera Mountain Range, the highest mountain in Luzon Is., Philippines. Veg Sci 15: 19-32.
Buot I.E. Jr, Okitsu S. (1999). Leaf size zonation pattern of woody species along an altitudinal gradient on Mt. Pulog, Philippines. Plant Ecol 145: 197-208. DOI: 10.1023/A:1009868305586.
Buot I.E. Jr, Osumi K. (2004). Satoyama landscape in the Philippines. Journal of Nature Studies, 3(1-11), 9.
Buot I.E. Jr, Rabena M.A.F. (2020). Ifugao Rice Terraces as a satoyama Landscape in the 21st Century. In Youth Capacity Building and Exchange Program towards Sustainable Developement and Conservation of Ifugao Rice Terraces. University of the Philippines Open University.
Buot I.E. Jr. (2007). Vegetation zonation of Mt. Akiki, Cordillera Mountain range, Benguet Province, Philippines. Asia Life Sci 16 (1): 53-70.
Buot I.E. Jr. (2008a). Sustaining environmental health in Philippine satoyama landscapes. Asian Intl J Life Sci Asia Life Sci Suppl 2 (2): 129-138.
Buot I.E. Jr. (2008b). Vertical distribution and zonation pattern of woody vegetation on the Northwestern Slope of Mt. Mayon, Philippines. Asia Life Sci 17 (2): 189-205.
Buot I.E. Jr. (2009). An ethnobotanical study of the plant biodiversity of Mt. Mayon, Bicol Peninsula, Albay, Philippines. J Nat Stud 8,1.
Buot I.E. Jr. (2014a). Conservation and Sustainability of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes. International Journal of Ecology and Conservation 10:93- 102.
Buot I.E. Jr. (2014b). Zonation of Biodiversity in the Forests of Lasang Landscapes in the Philippines. In: Hong SK, Bogaert J, Min Q. (eds). Biocultural Landscapes. Springer Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/978-94
Buot IE Jr, Origenes MG, Obena RDR, Hernandez JO, Hilvano NF, Balindo DSA, Echapere EO. (2024) in press. Identifying plants for priority conservation in Samar Island Natural Park forests over limestone using a localized conservation priority index (LCPI).
Buot IE Jr, Origenes MG, & Obena RDR, 2024 in press. Prioritizing plants for conservation in forests over limestone in Guiuan Marine Resource Protected Landscapes and Seascapes using a localized conservation priority index (LCPI)
Caryota cumingii Lodd. ex Mart. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-09.
Cheke, R., & C. Mann (2020). Red-keeled Flowerpecker (Dicaeum australe), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.resflo1.01
Chrysophyllum cainito L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Cinnyris jugularis (Linnaeus, 1766) in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-05.
Clerodendrum paniculatum L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Collar N., & Kirwan G.M. (2023). Philippine Hanging-Parrot (Loriculus philippensis), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney and S. M. Billerman, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.phihap1.01.1
Corvus enca (Horsfield, 1821) in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-05.
Dapar M.L.G., Alejandro G., Meve U., & Schumann S. (2020). Ethnomedicinal importance and conservation status of medicinal trees among indigenous communities in Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. Journal of Complementary Medicine Research, 11(1). 59-71. https://doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2020.11.01.08
Dapar M.L.G., Alejandro G.J.D., Meve U. et al. (2020). Quantitative ethnopharmacological documentation and molecular confirmation of medicinal plants used by the Manobo tribe of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 16.. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00363-7
de Guzman E.D., Umali R.M., & Sotalbo E.D. (1986). Dipterocarps and non Dipterocarps. Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna, pp. 1-73. JMC Press Incorporated, Manila.
Deli J., González-Beiras C., Guldan G.S., Moses R.L., Dally J., Moseley R., Lundy F.T., Corbacho-Monne M., Walker S.L., Cazorla M.U., Ouchi D., Fang R., Briggs M., Kiapranis R., Yahimbu M., Mitjá O. & Prescott T.A.K. (2022). Ficus septica exudate, a traditional medicine used in Papua New Guinea for treating infected cutaneous ulcers: in vitro evaluation and clinical efficacy assessment by cluster randomised trial. Phytomedicine, 99: 154026. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154026.
Dhiman A.K. (1998). Medicinal uses of some species of Pteridophytes in India. Indian Fern Journal 15(1-2): 61-64.
Diesmos A.C., Watters J.L., Huron N.A., Davis D.R., Alcala A.C., Crombie R.I., Afuang L.E., Gee-Das G., Sison R.V., Sanguila M.B., Penrod M.L., Labonte M.J., Conner S.D., Leone E.A., Diesmos M.L.D., Sy E.Y., Welton L.J., Brown R.M., Siler C.D. (2015). Amphibians of the Philippines, Part I: checklist of the species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 62(20): 457–539.
Diospyros blancoi A.DC. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Donax canniformis (G.Forst.) K.Schum. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-14.
Ficus odorata (Blanco) Merr. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Ficus pseudopalma Blanco in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-04.
Fishpool L., Tobias J.A., & de Juana E. (2020). Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.yevbul1.01
Fukamachi K., Oku H., & Nakashizuka T. (2001). The change of a satoyama landscape and its causality in Kamiseya, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan between 1970 and 1995. Landscape ecology, 16: 703-717.
Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-14.
Ishizawa, M. 2018. Cultural Landscapes Link to Nature: Learning from Satoyama and Satoumi. Built Heritage, 2, 7-19. Kavitha M., Vadivu R., & Radha R. (2015). A Review on Sterculia foetida Linn. Res. J. Pharmacognosy & Phytochem, 7(4): 239-244. doi: 10.5958/0975-4385.2015.00037.0
Khan A.V., Ahmed Q.U., Mir M.R., Shukla I., & Khan A.A. (2011). Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 1(6):452-5. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60099-3. PMID: 23569812; PMCID: PMC3614214.
Koutika L.S., & Richardson D.M. (2019). Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world. For. Ecosyst. 6, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0159-1
Lagerstroemia speciosa DC. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Lansium domesticum Corrêa in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-14.
Leea aculeata Blume ex Spreng. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-14.
Lemes M.R., Gribel R., Proctor J., & Grattapaglia D. (2003) Population genetic structure of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) across the Brazilian Amazon, based on variation at microsatellite loci: Implications for conservation. Mol. Ecol., 12:2875–2883.
Leviton A.E., Brown R.M., Siler C.D. (2014) The Dangerously Venomous Snakes of the Philippine Archipelago with Identification Keys and Species Accounts. In: Williams GC, Gosliner TM (Eds) The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hears Philippine Biodiversity Expedition. Cali
Liew P.M., Yong Y.K. (2016). Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl: From Traditional Usage to Pharmacological Evidence. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., 7842340. doi: 10.1155/2016/7842340.
Lokesh P., & Swamy M.K. (2013). Extraction of natural dyes from Spathodea campanulata and its application on silk fabrics and cotton. Der Chemica Sinica, 4(1):111-5.
Melastoma malabathricum L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-13.
Melia azedarach L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-13
Meneses C.G., Siler C.D., Alviola P.A., Balatibat J.B., Gonzalez J.C.T., Natividad C.A., Brown R.M. (2022). Amphibian and reptile diversity along a ridge-to-reef elevational gradient on a small isolated oceanic island of the central Philippines. Check List 18 (5): 941–984. https://doi.org/10.15560/18.5.94
Mizuta D.D., & Vlachopoulou I.E. (2017). Satoumi concept illustrated by sustainable bottom-up initiatives of Japanese Fisheries Cooperative Associations. Marine Policy, 78: 143-149.
Mohd. Joffry et al. (2011). Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith Ethnomedicinal Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 258434: 1-48.
Naseer S., Hussain S., Naeem N. et al. (2018). The phytochemistry and medicinal value of Psidium guajava (guava). Clin Phytosci 4:(32). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-018-0093-8
Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-13.
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Orwa C., Mutua A., Kindt R., Jamnadass R., & Anthony S. (2009). Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.aspx)
Padhy G.K. (2021). Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. -A review of its ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological profile. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11(12):017-44.
Petersianthus quadrialatus (Merr.) Merr. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Phapitreron leucotis (Temminck, 1823) in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-05.
Piper aduncum L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Pitogo K.M.E., Saavedra A.J.L., Afuang L.E. (2021). Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Busa, Sarangani Province: a glimpse of the herpetological community of southern Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 150(5): 1279–1306.
Pterocarpus indicus Willd. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Ptychandra lorquinii subsp. plateni Semper, 1892 in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-08.
Putra D.P., Hildayani, Dachriyanus, Arbain D. (2000) Isolation and characterization of phenolic compound from Leea aculeata Bl. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi (Indonesian), 5, 11-14.
Quintão N.L.M, Pastor M.V.D, Antonialli C.D, da Silva G.F, Rocha L.W., Berté T.E., de Souza M.M., Meyre-Silva C., Lucinda-Silva R.M., Bresolin T.M.B., Cechinel Filho V. (2019). Aleurites moluccanus and its main active constituent, the flavonoid 2-O-rhamnosylswertisin, in experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. J Ethnopharmacol., 10(235):248-254. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.014. Epub 2019 Feb 12. PMID: 30769038.
Ragasa C.Y., Alimboyoguen A.B., & Shen C.C. (2014). Chemical constituents of Ficus nota. Der Pharma Chem. 6, 98e101.
Rhinocypha colorata Hagen, 1869 in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-08.
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.fil.) Merr. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Sanguila M.B., Cobb K.A., Siler C.D., Diesmos A.C., Alcala A.C. & Brown R.M. (2016). The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. ZooKeys, 624: 1–132.
Selaginella delicatula (Desv. ex Poir.) Alston in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Senty V. and Mohammad I. (2023). Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Ficus septica Leaves from Sabah, Malaysia. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 13(2): 67-78
Song L.R. (1999). Chinese Materia Medica. Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, p. 44.
Spathodea campanulata Beauverd in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Sterculia foetida L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Strophocaulon unitum (L.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-15.
Swietenia macrophylla G.King in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Takeuchi K. (2003). The nature of Satoyama landscapes. In Satoyama: the traditional rural landscape of Japan (pp. 9-39). Tokyo: Springer Japan.
Takeuchi K. (2010). Rebuilding the relationship between people and nature: the Satoyama Initiative. Ecological research, 25(5), 891- 897. Tectona grandis L.f. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Thao N.P., Luyen B.T., Widowati W., Fauziah N., Maesaroh M., Herlina T., Manzoor Z., Ali I., Koh Y.S., Kim Y.H. (2016). Antiinflammatory flavonoid C-glycosides from Piper aduncum leaves. Planta Med., 82:1475–1481.
Theobroma cacao L. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-11.
Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2024-01-09. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Caryota+cumingii>
Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2024-01-11. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Hellenia+speciosa>
Venturina R.E.L., Diesmos M.L.L, Maglangit E.P.T., del Prado Y.L.C., Ordas JAD, Fernandez JB, Dans MFG, Warguez DA, and Diesmos AC. (2023). Herpetofauna of Mount Capistrano, a Fragmented Limestone Karst Forest in Central Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 152(6A): 2031-2048.
Villanueva R.J.T. (2009). Odonata of Dinagat Island, the Philippines: updated species list and notes on conservation of species and habitats. Notul. Odonatol. 7(3): 25–36.
Vitex parviflora A.Juss. in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-12.
Wallach V., Williams K. L., Boundy J. (2015). Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Florida, USA: CRC Press, 1227 pp Warren D. (2004). "Rattus exulans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed January 05, 2024 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Rattus_exulans/
Warrier R.R., Priya S.M., Kalaiselvi R. (2021). Gmelina arborea - an indigenous timber species of India with high medicinal value: A review on its pharmacology, pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. J Ethnopharmacol., 1;267:113593. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113593. Epub 2020 Nov 18. PMID: 33217516.
West African Herbal Pharmacopoeia (WAHP) 2013. West African Health Organisation. BoBo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
